ProFTPD: Debugging

## ProFTPD: Debugging Problems

Users of ProFTPD will often encounters problems. It happens with all software, not just ProFTPD. How, then, does the user track down the cause of the problem, and fix it? This is the art of debugging. When users post these problems are the mailing lists, it is extremely helpful to include the following bits of information to help find the answer. Even better is when the user follows these steps and determines the solution for themselves.

Keep in mind that `proftpd` runs on quite a few different platforms, including Linux (and its various distributions), Solaris, Mac OSX, various BSDs, etc. So please, when reporting issues, include as much information as you can. Saying something like "latest Ubuntu/CentOS/Fedora", or "stable Debian", or "FreeBSD ports", does not mean that much to those of us who don't run/use those platforms.

We want to help you, but to do that, we need to know as many details as possible. One goal is for us to be able to reproduce the issue locally. That's why providing the `proftpd -V' output, and the `proftpd.conf`, the debug logging, and a description of the behavior you expect (as well as what you actually observed) is so important. These things help us to recreate the setup, and the circumstances, locally. And once we can see the same issue on our machines, we can help that much more rapidly with the solution.

You will hear requests for these details come up quite a bit. It's worth pointing out why that is.

Know the Version
Various problems afflict various versions of the code, so when tracking down problems, it is good to know the version being used:

      $ proftpd -V
      $ proftpd -vv

When reporting issues, please include the output from both of these commands.

It is possible that the problem you are encountering is due to some bug that may already be fixed in a more current version, fixed in the CVS repository, or has a bug report with an attached patch. Searching http://bugs.proftpd.org will often yield useful information, depending on the keywords used in the search.

Know the Modules
System administrators who compile and install the server from the souce code distribution will probably already know this, but administrators who install using RPMs or other package formats may not know the specifics of the contained pre-built binary. To list the modules compiled into the server:

      $ proftpd -l

Knowing the modules helps to pinpoint the source of error messages (e.g. `mod_tls` and certificate files).

Perform Configuration Check
When making changes to the configuration file, it is often helpful to make sure that your changes are valid. The easiest way to do this is to do an informative syntax check:

      $ proftpd -td10

The `-t` option directs the server to only do a syntax check, to parse the configuration file but stop before actually starting its operations as a server. The `-d10` will cause the server to display debugging messages during this testing of the configuration file. Another useful command is:

      $ proftpd -c /path/to/new/config/file -td10

which lets you test the syntax of some new configuration file before it is put into production.

If you are still having problems, and you have verified that your `proftpd.conf` is correct, the next step is see what debugging messages are generated during an FTP session, as described next.

Collect Debug Information
`proftpd` has built-in debug information reporting capabilities - the trick is in enabling that reporting, and tracking down where it is sent. The easiest way to get the debugging information is to start the server from the command line using:

      $ proftpd -nd10

Note: make sure that no other `proftpd` instances are running before using this command, otherwise you will see:

      Failed binding to 0.0.0.0, port 21: Address already in use

This message means that some other program is already bound to the socket at that address/port. This message will also appear if you attempt the debugging command with a `ServerType` of `inetd`; this is described below.

Once working, the above debugging command will display lots of information on the connected terminal's screen, both as the server starts up and during the servicing of any clients. If clients are having trouble logging in or authenticating, the debug messages reported by the server when a client connects are much more useful than knowing the messages displayed by the client, as the client does not know why it cannot log in. If asked to send debugging information to the mailing list, you can send the relevant snippets (if you know what the relevant debug messages are), or you can capture the debug output to a file:

      $ proftpd -nd10 2>&1 >& /path/to/debug/file

and send that file, compressed, along with your post.

The above method works if you have `ServerType standalone` in your configuration file. If you run the server in `inetd` mode instead, and are unable or unwilling to make the changes necessary to run the server in `standalone` mode for the sake of debugging, then use of the `SystemLog` configuration directive is necessary for capturing the debug information. Add this directive to your configuration file, and add `-d5` to your `/etc/inetd.conf`'s `ftp` line, or to the `server_args` tag in your `xinetd` configuration file for the server. Be sure to restart `inetd/xinetd` so that your configuration changes will take effect.

Note that use of the `SystemLog` directive is not necessarily confined to `inetd` mode servers. If you are interested in letting your `standalone` server run unattended and want to have that debugging information in the log file, use `SystemLog` and add `-d5` (or whatever your preferred debug level is) to the server startup script.

As of version 1.2.8rc1, ProFTPD supports a `DebugLevel` configuration directive. This lets you set a debugging level in your `proftpd.conf` file, without needing to edit `inetd.conf` or `xinetd` configuration file.

Locate Log Files
A common response on the mailing lists to a posted question is: "What do your server logs say?" Locating the server's log files can be troublesome, depending on your configuration. If the `SystemLog` configuration directive is in effect, you know exactly where the server's log file is. If not, then by default the server uses `syslog` for logging. The location of `syslog`'d log files is set in your system's `/etc/syslog.conf` file. You may need to read your system's man pages for `syslog.conf` or `syslogd` to understand the format of that file. Note that the server will log using a `syslog` facility of `daemon` (and level `debug` when debugging) for most of its messages; during authentication, messages are logged using the `authpriv` facility.

Debugging Segfaults
If you see a message like the following in your logs:

      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - ProFTPD terminating (signal 11)

then you have most likely encountered a segfault. This is a particular bad error, and can be hard to track down.

In version 1.3.1rc1, ProFTPD gained the ability to provide better logging to help track down these sorts of bugs. To enable this ability, you will need to configure `proftpd` with something like:

      $ ./configure --enable-devel=stacktrace ...

and run your `proftpd` like normal. If a segfault occurs, the logs should show something like this:

      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - ProFTPD terminating (signal 11)
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - FTP session closed.
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - -----BEGIN STACK TRACE-----
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [0] ./proftpd [0x809b1e1]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [1] ./proftpd(call_module+0x53) [0x8072c63]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [2] ./proftpd(strftime+0x14cf) [0x8051bef]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [3] ./proftpd(pr_cmd_dispatch+0x167) [0x8051f2f]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [4] ./proftpd(strftime+0x1fd3) [0x80526f3]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [5] ./proftpd [0x8053e12]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [6] ./proftpd [0x805484d]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [7] ./proftpd [0x8057975]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [8] ./proftpd(main+0x9d1) [0x8058625]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [9] /lib/i686/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0x93) [0x40076507]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - [10] ./proftpd(strcpy+0x31) [0x8051001]
      golem.castaglia.org (127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]) - -----END STACK TRACE-----

These stack symbols are generated automatically by glibc, and may or may not contain the function names.

The key here for tracking down the location of the segfault is that `[0]` frame, and the memory address: `0x809b1e1`. Using that address and a very handy command called `addr2line`, you can determine the location of that address in the source code:

      $ addrline -e ./proftpd 0x809b1e1

In this example, I saw:

      $ addr2line -e ./proftpd 0x809b1e1
      /home/tj/proftpd/cvs/proftpd/modules/mod_auth.c:1723

which is the location of test code added to trigger the segfault.

This feature is specific to glibc systems, so keep that in mind. Other things to mention about this feature: it disables the changing of the process title that `proftpd` normally does. The obtaining of the stack symbols that glibc does uses the process title, and if this feature did not disable that process title changing, the output would be much less legible. Also, it does not work if the process which receives the `SIGSEGV` signal is chrooted. (Blame glibc for its bad handling of being chrooted.) To work around this, I would recommend using the `mod_vroot` module, just for a short period of time, in order to get a useful automatic stack trace.

Common Problems
One common question is: "I changed the configuration file, but the new configuration is not being seen!" The solution depends on your configured `ServerType`. Almost certainly it will be `standalone`, as `inetd`-mode servers pick up configuration changes almost instantly (the server is started from the ground up for each connection). For configuration changes to be seen by a `standalone` server, you need to either stop, then start the server (the hard way), or to send the `HUP` signal the the daemon process.

Another common question involves use of ProFTPD's `<Limit>` directive to restrict certain FTP commands. These limits always function in addition to the normal filesystem permissions, not instead of them. If having problems writing, deleting, or updating files, check your directory and file permissions first.

Once you have the debug output and various other information, and are still in need of help, search the FAQ, Userguide, and mailing list archives for material related to the problem. If you're unable to find anything helpful in these sources, post your question to the appropriate mailing list. Be sure to include the version used, your `proftpd.conf`, and possibly any debug information.

The following document describes how to ask good questions that are likely to be answered:

      http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

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