Description: These release notes contain information about features and their status in the X.Org Foundation X11R7.7 release.

## Release Notes for X11R7.7

### The X.Org Foundation

June 2012

These release notes contain information about features and their status in the X.Org Foundation X11R7.7 release.

## Introduction to the X11R7.7 Release

This release is the eighth modular release of the X Window System™. The next full release will be X11R7.8 and is expected in 2013.

Unlike X11R1 through X11R6.9, X11R7.x releases are not built from one monolithic source tree, but many individual modules. These modules are distributed as individual source code releases, and each one is released when it is ready, instead of only when the overall window system is ready for release. The X11R7.x releases are made by “rolling up” the individual module releases into a collection that is often affectionately called the “katamari” by the developers.

The X11R7.7 release does not include all of the software formerly included in the previous X Window System releases. It is designed to be a reasonable baseline from which to start when building the window system for the first time for a new installation, distribution, or package set. It does not provide a full desktop environment, expecting a more feature rich set of applications to be installed from one of the several excellent desktop environments available for the X Window System. The X.Org developers continue to maintain and produce new releases of much of the software that was formerly in the main window system releases but is no longer included in the katamari releases, including many of the Athena Widgets desktop applications that were provided as samples in previous window system versions.

Once their window system build is established, most builders watch for announcements of individual module updates on the xorg-announce mailing list and update to those as needed. The X.Org Foundation currently releases the X Window System katamari releases approximately once a year, but many modules, especially the X servers and drivers, are updated more frequently between those releases.

For help with how to build and develop in the modular tree see the Modular Developer's Guide in the X.Org wiki.

We encourage you to report bugs using freedesktop.org's bug tracking system using the xorg product, and to submit bug fixes and enhancements to `<xorg-devel@lists.x.org>`. More details on patch submission and review process are available on the SubmittingPatches page of the X.Org wiki.

The release numbering is based on the original MIT X numbering system. X11 refers to the version of the network protocol that the X Window system is based on: Version 11 was first released in 1988 and has been stable for nearly 25 years, with only upward compatible additions to the core X protocol, a record of stability envied in computing. Formal releases of X started with X version 9 from MIT; the first commercial X products were based on X version 10. The MIT X Consortium and its successors, the X Consortium, the Open Group X Project Team, and the X.Org Group released versions X11R3 through X11R6.6. Since the founding of the X.Org Foundation in early 2004, many further releases have been issued, from X11R6.7 to the current 7.7.

The next section describes what is new in the latest full release (7.7) compared with the previous full release (7.6).

## Summary of new features in X11R7.7

This is a sampling of the new features in X11R7.7. A more complete list of changes can be found in the ChangeLog files that are part of the source of each X module.

- Multi-touch events are now supported for touchpads and touchscreens which can report position information on more than one finger providing input at the same time, such as found on many tablets and recent laptops. These are exposed by Xorg server 1.12 and later via the Xinput extension version 2.2.

- Additional Xinput extension features were introduced in version 2.1, as supported in Xorg server 1.11, including allowing clients to track raw events from input devices, additional detail in scrolling events so that clients may perform smoother scrolling, and additional constants in the Xlib-based libXi API.

- More progress has been made on the X.Org Documentation modernization - the rest of the library and protocol specifications have been converted to DocBook XML from the variety of formats they were previously in, and support for cross-linking between documents hase been added. On most systems these documents will be installed under `/usr/share/doc/`. They are also posted on the X.Org website at http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/.

- Fence objects are now available in Version 3.1 of the Synchronization (“Sync”) extension. These allow clients to create a object that is either in “triggered” or “not-triggered” state, and to perform actions when the object becomes triggered. When a client requests a fence be triggered, the X server will first complete all rendering from previous requests that affects resources owned by the fence's screen before changing the state, so that clients may synchronize with such rendering. Support for these has been added to both the `libxcb-sync` and `libXext` API's.

- Pointer barriers were added by X Fixes extension Version 5.0. Compositing managers and desktop environments may have UI elements in particular screen locations such that for a single-headed display they correspond to easy targets, for example, the top left corner. For a multi-headed environment these corners should still be semi-impermeable. Pointer barriers allow the application to define additional constraint on cursor motion so that these areas behave as expected even in the face of multiple displays.

- The XCB libraries have begun adding support for the GLX and XKB extensions. This work is not yet complete in this release, and not all of the functionality available through these extensions is accessibile via the XCB APIs. Some of this effort was funded by past Google Summer of Code projects.

- Video and input driver enhancements. Please see the ChangeLog files for individual drivers; there are far too many updates to list here.

- ... and the usual assortment of correctness and crash fixes.

## Overview of X11R7.7

On most platforms, X11R7.7 has a single hardware-driving X server binary called Xorg. This binary can dynamically load the video drivers, input drivers, and other modules that are needed. Xorg has currently has support for Linux, Solaris, and some BSD OSs on Alpha, PowerPC, IA-64, AMD64, Intel x86, Sparc, and MIPS platforms.

Additional specialized X server binaries may be found depending on the platform and build configuration, including:

Xdmx

  is a proxy X server that uses one or more other X servers as its display devices. It provides multi-head X functionality for displays that might be located on different machines.

Xnest

  is a nested X server, that operates as both an X client and X server. Xnest is a client of the real server which manages windows and graphics requests on its behalf. Xnest is a server to its own clients, and manages windows and graphics requests on their behalf. To these clients, it appears to be a conventional server.

Xephyr

  is a X server that outputs to a window on a pre-existing “host” X display. Unlike Xnest which is an X proxy, and thus limited to the capabilities of the host X server, Xephyr is a full X server which uses the host X server window as a “framebuffer” via fast SHM XImages.

Xvfb

  is a virtual framebuffer X server that can run on machines with no display hardware and no physical input devices. It emulates a dumb framebuffer using virtual memory.

Xquartz

  is an X server that interacts with the MacOS X native Aqua window system, displaying windows on the Mac desktop and accepting input from the Mac system devices, allowing X11 applications to be used in a native Mac desktop session.

Xwin

  is an X server that runs under the Cygwin environment, interacting with the Microsoft Windows native window system, displaying windows on the Windows desktop and accepting input from the Windows system devices, allowing X11 applications to be used in a native Windows desktop session.

## Details of X11R7.7 components

### Video Drivers

X11R7.7 includes the following video drivers:

Driver Name | Description | Further Information
--- | --- | ---
`ark` | Ark Logic |
`ast` | ASPEED Technology |
`cirrus` | Cirrus Logic |
`dummy` | Virtual/offscreen framebuffer |
`fbdev` | Linux framebuffer device | fbdev(4)
`geode` (*) | AMD Geode GX and LX |
`glide` | 3Dfx Voodoo 1, 2, Banshee, 3, 4 & 5 | glide(4)
`glint` | 3Dlabs, TI | glint(4)
`i128` | Number Nine | README.I128, i128(4)
`intel` | Intel Integrated Graphics Processors | README.intel, intel(4)
`mach64` | ATI Mach64 | README.ati
`mga` | Matrox | mga(4)
`neomagic` | NeoMagic | neomagic(4)
`newport` (-) | SGI Newport | README.newport, newport(4)
`nv` | NVIDIA | nv(4)
`r128` | ATI Rage128 | README.r128, r128(4)
`radeon` | ATI Radeon | radeon(4)
`savage` | S3 Savage | savage(4)
`siliconmotion` | Silicon Motion | siliconmotion(4)
`sis` | SiS | README.SiS, sis(4)
`suncg6` (+) | Sun GX and Turbo GX |
`sunffb` (+) | Sun Creator/3D, Elite 3D |
`tdfx` | 3Dfx Voodoo Banshee, 3, 4 & 5 | tdfx(4)
`tga` | DEC TGA | README.DECtga
`trident` | Trident | trident(4)
`v4l` | Video4Linux | v4l(4)
`vesa` | VESA | vesa(4)
`vmware` | VMware guest OS | vmware(4)
`voodoo` | 3Dfx Voodoo 1 & 2 | voodoo(4)
`wsfb` | Workstation Framebuffer | wsfb(4)

Drivers marked with (*) are present in a preliminary form in this release, but are not complete and/or stable yet.

Drivers marked with (+) are for Linux/Sparc only.

Drivers marked with (-) are for Linux/mips only.

### Input Drivers

X11R7.7 includes the following input drivers:

Driver Name | Description | Further Information
--- | --- | ---
`evdev(*)` | Linux kernel EvDev | evdev(4)
`joystick` | Joystick | joystick(4)
`kbd` | generic keyboards (non-evdev systems) | kbd(4)
`mouse` | most mouse devices (non-evdev systems) | mousedrv(4)
`synaptics` | Synaptics & ALP touchpads | synaptics(4)
`vmmouse` | VMWare virtual mouse | vmmouse(4)
`void` | dummy device | void(4)

Drivers marked with (*) are available for Linux only.

### Xorg server

#### Loader and Modules

The Xorg server relies on the operating system's native module loader support for handling program modules. The X server makes use of modules for video drivers, X server extensions, input device drivers, framebuffer layers, and internal components used by some drivers (like XAA & EXA).

The module interfaces (both API and ABI) used in this release are subject to change without notice. While we will attempt to provide backward compatibility for the module interfaces in stable releases, we cannot guarantee this. Compatibility in the other direction is explicitly not guaranteed because new modules may rely on interfaces added in new releases, nor is compatibility across stable release branches (such as between Xorg 1.11 and 1.12).

### Note about module security

The Xorg server runs with root privileges, so the Xorg server loadable modules also run with these privileges. For this reason we recommend that all users be careful to only use loadable modules from reliable sources, otherwise the introduction of malware and contaminated code can occur and wreak havoc on your system.

#### Configuration File

The Xorg server uses a configuration file as the primary mechanism for providing configuration and run-time parameters. The configuration file format is described in detail in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.

Note that this release features significant improvements for running the server without a configuration file, so many users may find that that they don't need a configuration file, or may rely on just snippets of configuration placed in the `xorg.conf.d` directory.

If you do need to customize the configuration file, see the xorg.conf manual page . You can also check the driver-specific manual pages and the related documentation (found at driver tables) also.

The recommended method for generating a configuration file is to use the Xorg server itself. Run as root:

            Xorg -configure

and follow the instructions.

#### Command Line Options

Command line options can be used to override some default parameters and parameters provided in the configuration file. Command line options available for use with all X servers in this release are described in the Xserver(1) manual page. Command line options specific to the Xorg server are described in the Xorg(1) manual page.

#### Multi-head

Some multi-head configurations are supported in X11R7.7. Support for multiple PCI/AGP cards may require a kernel with changes to support VGA arbitration.

One of the main problems is with drivers not sufficiently initializing cards that were not initialized at boot time. This has been improved somewhat with the INT10 support that is used by most drivers (which allows secondary card to be "soft-booted", but in some cases there are other issues that still need to be resolved. Some combinations can be made to work better by changing which card is the primary card (either by using a different PCI slot, or by changing the system BIOS's preference for the primary card).

#### Xinerama

Xinerama is an X server extension that allows multiple physical screens connected to multiple video devices to behave as a single screen. With traditional multi-head in X11, windows cannot span or cross physical screens. Xinerama removes this limitation. Xinerama does, however, require that the physical screens all have the same root depth, so it isn't possible, for example, to use an 8-bit screen together with a 16-bit screen in Xinerama mode.

Xinerama is not enabled by default, and can be enabled with the `+xinerama` command line option for the X server. Note that enabling Xinerama may disable certain other extensions which are not compatible with Xinerama.

#### DDC

The VESA® Display Data Channel (DDC™) standard allows the monitor to tell the video card (or in some cases the computer directly) about itself; particularly the supported screen resolutions and refresh rates.

Partial or complete DDC support is available in most of the video drivers. DDC is enabled by default, but can be disabled with a "Device" section entry: `Option "NoDDC"`. We have support for DDC versions 1 and 2; these can be disabled independently with `Option "NoDDC1"` and `Option "NoDDC2"`.

At startup the server prints out DDC information from the display, and can use this information to set the default monitor parameters, or to warn about monitor sync limits if those provided in the configuration file don't match those that are detected.

##### Changed behavior in handling information from DDC

The X server previously used DDC information to detect screen size and pitch, and compute DPI automatically, allowing fonts and other UI elements to automatically scale to appropriate sizes. This mechanism worked reasonably well for many single-monitor cases, but did not compute accurate DPI values for multi-monitor cases or less common single-display setups. Thus, this autodetection has been removed, and the X server no longer tries to compute an appropriate DPI value. All users wanting fonts, physical measurement units, and other UI elements scaled appropriately for their display (including users for whom autodetection previously worked) must now set DPI or some other scaling factor explicitly, either via the X server's `-dpi` option, a DPI setting in their graphical enironment, or an alternate scaling mechanism provided by their environment.

#### GLX and the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)

Direct rendered OpenGL® support is provided for several hardware platforms by the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI). Further information about DRI can be found at the DRI Project's web site. The 3D core rendering component is provided by Mesa.

Of note is that this release supports building the X server using the system-wide libdrm. Previously, drm was kept in the server's tree and loaded as a module, rather than using the standard OS mechanisms for managing shared libraries of code. This requires that the server be built using a version of libdrm of 2.3.0 or newer if it is to use DRM.

#### Terminate Server keystroke

The Xorg server has previously allowed users to exit the server by pressing the keys Control + Alt + Backspace. While this function is still enabled by default in this release, the keymap data usually used with Xorg, from the xkeyboard-config project, has been modified to not map that sequence by default, in order to reduce the chance that inexperienced users will accidentally destroy their work.

Users who wish to have this functionality available by default may enable it via the XKB configuration option “`terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp`”. For instance, the setxkbmap command can be used to enable this by running:

    	setxkbmap -option "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"

The XKB Configuration Guide also includes an example xorg.conf.d file that sets the “`terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp`” option by default on all keyboards. Many desktop environments include XKB configuration options in their preferences to enable this as well.

#### Grab debugging keystrokes

The Xorg server in this release provides various functions that can be mapped to keystrokes to aid in the debugging of programs with errant input grabs.

The keysyms XF86LogGrabInfo and XF86LogWindowTree are defined to print information to the Xorg log file on the current set of input grabs, and the window tree of the current display. By default, these are available for use, but not mapped to any key.

The keysym XF86Ungrab forces the X server to release all active grabs, which may leave the clients holding them in an inconsistent state. XF86ClearGrab goes further, killing the client connection of any client holding an active grab when it is pressed. These keystrokes are intended to allow developers to debug clients which are not properly releasing grabs or have problems occur while input is grabbed. Since grabs are a fundamental part of the X client security model, these keystrokes come with risks, such as the ability to bypass or kill screen locks without knowing the password, and thus are not available by default.

Users who are willing to accept the security risk and wish to enable this functionality may do so via the XKB configuration option “`grab:break_actions`”.

### Security issue in older xkeyboard-config releases

The xkeyboard-config data files included in this release have the grab disabling keys correctly disabled by default, but versions before xkeyboard-config 2.5 had them enabled, leading to the security risk described above. When upgrading to the X server in this release be sure to also ensure xkeyboard-config is a safe version. More details about this issue may be found in advisories for CVE-2012-0064.

#### X Server startup state

The X servers in the X11R7.7 release now start by default with an empty black screen and do not draw the mouse cursor until a client sets the cursor image. To restore the classic behavior of starting with the grey weave pattern and × cursor, start the X server with the `-retro` option.

### Font support

Details about the font support in X11R7.7 can be found in the “Fonts in X11R7.7” document.

#### Default font installation directory

Previous versions of X installed font files under the `lib/X11/fonts` subdirectory of the X installation directory (for instance, in X11R6 releases, `/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts` was commonly used). This release uses the default installation path of the `fonts` subdirectory of the `datadir` setting from the GNU autoconf configuration. For instance, if the fonts are configured with `./configure --prefix=/usr`, they will be installed under subdirectories of `/usr/share/fonts/X11`. The font module configure scripts all take an option of `--with-fontrootdir=`PATH`` to override the default. If `--with-fontrootdir` is not specified, the `fontutil` pkg-config file will be consulted to find the `fontrootdir` specified when the `fontutil` module was installed.

#### Bitmap font compression methods

The X11R7.7 release supports PCF format bitmap fonts stored uncompressed or compressed via the compress, gzip, or bzip2 programs. To utilize bzip2 compression, the `libXfont` and mkfontscale modules must be built with the `--with-bzip2` — all other methods are enabled by default.

To specify which compression method to use when installing a font module from X11R7.7 the configure scripts accept an option of `--with-compression=`TYPE``, where `TYPE` may be `none`, `compress`, `gzip`, or `bzip2`.

#### Type1 Font support

Previous versions of X came with two Postscript Type1 font backends. The functionality from the “Type1” backend has been replaced by the Type1 support in the “FreeType” backend.

#### CID Font support

The CID-keyed font format was designed by Adobe Systems for fonts with large character sets. The CID-keyed format is obsolete, as it has been superseded by other formats such as OpenType/CFF and support for CID-keyed fonts has been removed from X11.

## Build changes and issues

### Strict compilation flags

Most of the modules in this release use stricter compiler flags when building with the GNU gcc, LLVM clang, Oracle Solaris Studio, or Intel compilers. These flags both enable more warnings, and promote some warnings to fatal errors in the build. If these flags cause your build to fail, you can disable the flags that turn these selected warnings into errors by adding `--disable-selective-werror` to the configure command for the affected module. If that is necessary for any X.Org modules, please report a bug in the xorg product on https://bugs.freedesktop.org/.

Builders seeking even stricter compiler checks can instead pass `--enable-strict-compilation` to the configure command to make all warnings become errors.

### Silent build rules

Most of the modules in this release use the `AM_SILENT_RULES` option of GNU automake 1.11. When building the software, most output will show an abbreviated format for the commands being run, such as:

       CC	xmen.o

To enable verbose output, showing all the arguments to the commands being run, add the flag `V=1` to the make command line or add the flag `--disable-silent-rules` to the configure command.

### New configure options for font modules

The bitmap font modules now accept a configure option of `--disable-all-encodings` to set the default for all encodings to off, requiring builders to then pass `--enable-`<encoding>`` flags for each encoding to be built.

### New configure options for documentation in modules

As many more modules now contain documentation to be converted from DocBook XML to text, HTML, PostScript, and/or PDF formats, new standard options have been added to the configure macros to control the build of these in the modules.

`--with-xmlto=`yes|no`` | Enables or disables use of the xmlto command to translate DocBook XML to other formats. All DocBook XML conversions require use of this command.
`--with-fop=`yes|no`` | Enables or disables use of the Apache fop command to translate DocBook XML to PostScript and PDF formats.
`--enable-docs=`yes|no`` | Enables or disables the build and installation of all documentation except traditional man pages or those covered by the --enable-devel-docs and --enable-specs options.
`--enable-devel-docs=`yes|no`` | Enables or disables the build and installation of documentation for developers of the X.Org software modules.
`--enable-specs=`yes|no`` | Enables or disables the build and installation of the formal specification documents for protocols and APIs.

## Miscellaneous

This section describes other items of note for the X11R7.7 release.

### Socket directory ownership and permissions

The socket directories created in `/tmp` are now required to be owned by root and have their sticky-bit set. If the permissions are not set correctly, the component using this directory will print an error message and fail to start. Common socket directories that are known to be affected include:

            /tmp/.font-unix
            /tmp/.ICE-unix
            /tmp/.X11-unix

These directories are used by the font server (xfs), applications using the Inter-Client Exchange protocol (ICE) and the X server, respectively.

There are several solutions to the problem of when to create these directories. They could be created at install time by the system's installer if the `/tmp` dir is persistent. They could be created at boot time by the system's boot scripts (e.g., the `init.d` scripts). Or, they could be created by PAM modules at service startup or user login time.

The solution chosen is platform dependent, and the system administrator should be able to handle creating those directories on any systems that do not have the correct ownership or permissions.

## Deprecated components and removal plans

This section lists current plans for removal of obsolete or deprecated components in the X.Org releases. As our releases are open source, users who continue to require these can find the source in previous releases and continue to use these, but the X.Org Foundation and its volunteers have decided the burden of continued maintenance and distribution in the core X11 releases outweighs the benefits of doing so. In some cases, this is simply because no one has volunteered to do continued maintenance, so if software is listed here that you need, you can contact `<xorg-devel@lists.x.org>` to volunteer to take over maintainership, either inside or outside of the Xorg release process.

### Future Removals

DGA version 2 | DGA 2.0 is included in 7.7. Documentation for the client libraries can be found in the XDGA(3) man page. DGA should be considered deprecated; if you are relying on it, please let us know what you need it for so we can find better solutions. In this release, support has been removed for all DGA rendering and mapping code, leaving just mode setting and raw input device access.
Input device discovery via HAL | Xorg server 1.4 started using the HAL framework to discover connected input devices, receive notification of hotplug events for them, and to retrieve configuration parameters for them. The HAL maintainers have since deprecated HAL, so the X.Org developers have begun replacement with alternatives. As a result, configuration of input devices via HAL `*.fdi` files is no longer supported on Linux platforms using udev, and may not be supported on other platforms in future Xorg server releases.
Nested and virtual X servers | As described in the section called “Overview of X11R7.7”, this release contains several X servers that either display onto another X server (Xephyr & Xnest), or render into a virtual memory framebuffer (Xvfb & Xfake). These may be replaced in a future release by use of the Xorg server with the `xf86-video-nested` and `xf86-video-dummy` drivers which perform the same tasks.

### Removed in this Release

Unmaintained drivers | This release no longer contains the following drivers, due to lack of maintainers with relevant hardware. Existing driver versions may work with current Xorg servers, but they are not being actively updated to support Xorg driver API & ABI changes. xf86-input-acecad: Acecad Flair xf86-input-aiptek: Aiptek USB tablet xf86-video-apm: Alliance Pro Motion xf86-video-chips: Chips & Technologies xf86-video-i740: Intel i740 xf86-video-rendition: Rendition Verite xf86-video-s3: S3 (not ViRGE or Savage) xf86-video-s3virge: S3 ViRGE xf86-video-sisusb: SiS Net2280-based USB xf86-video-suncg14: Sun CG14 xf86-video-suncg3: Sun CG3 xf86-video-sunleo: Sun Leo (ZX) xf86-video-suntcx: Sun TCX xf86-video-tseng: Tseng Labs xf86-video-xgi: XGI xf86-video-xgixp: XGI Volari 8300

## Attributions/Acknowledgements/Credits

This section lists the credits for the X11R7.7 release. For a more detailed breakdown, refer to the ChangeLog file in the source tree for each module, the history in the xorg product in freedesktop.org's git repositories or the '`git log`' information for individual source files.

The X Window System has been a collaborative effort from its inception. Our apologies for anyone or organization inadvertently overlooked. Many individuals (including major contributors) who worked on X are represented by their employers in this list. If you feel we have left anyone out, please let us know.

These people contributed in some way to X11R7.7 since the release of X11R7.6:

Aapo Rantalainen | Lev Nezhdanov
Aaron Culich | Linus Arver
Aaron Plattner | Luc Verhaegen
Abdoulaye Walsimou Gaye | Maarten Lankhorst
Adam Jackson | Maarten Maathuis
Adam Tkac | Macpaul Lin
Adrian Bunk | Magnus Kessler
Alan Coopersmith | Marcin Kościelnicki
Alan Curry | Marcin Slusarz
Alan Hourihane | Marcin Woliński
Alban Browaeys | Marek Olšák
Albert Damen | Mario Kleiner
Aldis Berjoza | Mark Dokter
Alessandro Guido | Mark Kettenis
Alex Deucher | Mark Schreiber
Alex Plotnick | Marko Macek
Alexander Polakov | Marko Myllynen
Alexandr Shadchin | Markus Duft
Alexandre Julliard | Markus Fleschutz
Alexey Shumitsky | Mart Raudsepp
Alistair Leslie-Hughes | Martin Langhoff
Ander Conselvan de Oliveira | Martin-Éric Racine
Andrea Canciani | Marton Balint
Andreas Schwab | Matěj Cepl
Andreas Wettstein | Mathias Krause
Andrew Randrianasulu | Mathieu Bérard
Andrew Turner | Mathieu Taillefumier
Andy Furniss | Matt Dew
Anssi Hannula | Matt Turner
Antoine Martin | Matthew D. Fuller
Arkadiusz Miśkiewicz | matthew green
Armin K | Matthias Clasen
Arnaud Fontaine | Matthias Hopf
Arthur Taylor | Matthieu Herrb
Arvind Umrao | Matti Hamalainen
Avram Lyon | Max Schwarz
Bartosz Brachaczek | Maxim Iorsh
Bartosz Kosiorek | Mehdi Dogguy
Bastian Blank | meng
Bastien Nocera | Michael Chang
Ben Hutchings | Michael Larabel
Benjamin Close | Michael Olbrich
Benjamin Herrenschmidt | Michael Stapelberg
Benjamin Otte | Michael Thayer
Benjamin Tissoires | Michał Górny
Bernie Innocenti | Michal Marek
Bill Nottingham | Michał Masłowski
Bjørn Mork | Michal Suchanek
Bodo Graumann | Michel Dänzer
Bryce Harrington | Michel Hummel
Carl Worth | Mikael Magnusson
Carlos Garnacho | Mike Frysinger
Casper Dik | Mike Stroyan
Cédric Cano | Mikhail Gusarov
Chad Versace | Modestas Vainius
Chase Douglas | Mohammed Sameer
Choe Hwanjin | Nick Bowler
Chris Bagwell | Nicolai Stange
Chris Ball | Nicolas Cavallari
Chris Halse Rogers | Nicolas Joly
Chris Wilson | Nicolas Kaiser
Christian König | Nicolas Kalkhof
Christian Toutant | Nicolas Peninguy
Christian Weisgerber | Nikolai Kondrashov
Christoph Brill | Nils Wallménius
Christoph Reimann | Nithin Nayak Sujir
Christophe Roland | Nobuhiro Iwamatsu
Christopher James Halse Rogers | Olaf Buddenhagen
Christopher Yeleighton | Oldřich Jedlička
Clemens Eisserer | Oleh Nykyforchyn
Colin Harrison | Oliver McFadden
Cristian Rodríguez | Oliver Schmidt
Cyril Brulebois | Olivier Fourdan
Daiki Ueno | Olli Vertanen
Dan Horák | Ondrej Zary
Dan Nicholson | Owen Taylor
Daniel A. Steffen | Pander
Daniel Drake | Pär Lidberg
Daniel Kurtz | Parag Nemade
Daniel Stone | Patrick Curran
Daniel Vetter | Patrick E. Kane
Dave Airlie | Paul Fox
David Barksdale | Paul Menzel
David Coles | Paul Neumann
David Coppa | Pauli Nieminen
David Fries | Paulius Zaleckas
David Ge | Paulo Zanoni
David Nusinow | Pelle Johansson
David Reveman | Pete Beardmore
David Ronis | Peter Clifton
Denis 'GNUtoo' Carikli | Peter Harris
Derek Buitenhuis | Peter Hutterer
Derek Foreman | Peter Korsgaard
Derek Wang | Peter Zotov
Devin J. Pohly | Philip Langdale
Diego Elio Pettenò | Philipp Reh
Dirk Wallenstein | Phillp Haddad
dtakahashi42 | Pierre-Loup A. Griffais
Eamon Walsh | Priit Laes
Ed Schouten | Promathesh Mandal
Edward Sheldrake | Rami Ylimäki
Egbert Eich | Reinhard Karcher
Eitan Adler | Rémi Cardona
Elias Probst | Richard Hartmann
Elie Bleton | Rob Clark
Elvis Pranskevichus | Robert Ancell
Emanuele Giaquinta | Robert Bragg
Eoghan Sherry | Robert Hooker
Eric Anholt | Robert Morell
Erik Kilfoil | Roberto Branciforti
Erik Saule | Roger Cruz
Erkki Seppälä | Roland Cassard
Eugeni Dodonov | Roland Scheidegger
Evan Broder | Roman Jarosz
Fabio Pedretti | Ross Burton
Federico Mena Quintero | Rui Matos
Fernando Carrijo | Ryan Pavlik
Ferry Huberts | Sam Spilsbury
Francisco Jerez | Samuel Thibault
Frank Huang | Sascha Hlusiak
Frank Mariak | Satoshi KImura
Frédéric Boiteux | Scott James Remnant
Fredrik Höglund | Sebastian Glita
Fryderyk Dziarmagowski | Sedat Dilek
Gaetan Nadon | Sergey Samokhin
George Staplin | Sergey V. Udaltsov
Giuseppe Bilotta | Servaas Vandenberghe
Glenn Burkhardt | Siddhesh Poyarekar
Guillem Jover | Simon Farnsworth
György Balló | Simon Que
Hans Verkuil | Simon Thum
Hans-Juergen Mauser | Sitsofe Wheeler
Hans-Peter Budek | Søren Sandmann Pedersen
Harshula Jayasuriya | Stefan Dirsch
Havoc Pennington | Stefan Glasenhardt
Henry Zhao | Stefan Kost
Ian Osgood | Stefan Potyra
Ian Romanick | Stephan Hilb
Ilija Hadzic | Stephane Marchesin
Ivan Bulatovic | Stephen Turnbull
Jakob Bornecrantz | Stuart Kreitman
James Cloos | Takashi Iwai
James Jones | Terry Lambert
James Simmons | Thierry Vignaud
Jamey Sharp | Thomas Bächler
Jamie Kennea | Thomas Fjellstrom
Jan Hauffa | Thomas Hellström
Jan Kriho | Thomas Hoger
Janne Huttunen | Thordur Bjornsson
Jari Aalto | Tiago Vignatti
Javier Acosta | Till Matthiesen
Javier Jardón | Tim van der Molen
Javier Pello | Tim Yamin
Jay Cotton | Timo Aaltonen
Jeetu Golani | Tobias Droste
Jeff Chua | Tollef Fog Heen
Jens Elkner | Tom "spot" Callaway
Jeremy Huddleston | Tom Fogal
Jerome Carretero | Tomas Carnecky
Jerome Glisse | Tomas Frydrych
Jesse Adkins | Tomas Hoger
Jesse Barnes | Tomáš Trnka
Jian Zhao | Toralf Förster
JJ Ding | Tormod Volden
Joe Nahmias | Trevor Woerner
Joe Shaw | U. Artie Eoff
Joerg Sonnenberger | Uli Schlachter
Johannes Obermayr | Ulrich Müller
John Martin | Van de Bugger
Jon Nettleton | Vasily Khoruzhick
Jon TURNEY | Vasyĺ V. Vercynśkyj
Jools Wills | Victor Machado
Jordan Hayes | Ville Skyttä
Jörn Horstmann | Ville Syrjälä
Josh Triplett | Vincent Torri
Julien Cristau | Walter Bender
Julien Danjou | Walter Harms
Justin Dou | William Jon McCann
Justin Mattock | Xavier Bachelot
Kai-Uwe Behrmann | Xiang, Haihao
Kees Cook | Xue Wei
Keith Packard | Xunx Fang
Kenneth Graunke | Y.C. Chen
Kent Baxley | Yaakov Selkowitz
Kirill Elagin | Yann Droneaud
Knut Petersen | Yannick Heneault
Konstantin Belousov | Zack Rusin
Kristian Høgsberg | Zhao Yakui
Kristof Szabo | Zhenyu Wang
Krzysztof Halasa | Zhigang Gong
Kusanagi Kouichi | Zou Nan hai
Lennart Poettering |

and the members of the Translation Project.

This product includes software developed by:

2d3d Inc. | Kevin E. Martin
3Dlabs Inc. Ltd. | Kim woelders
Aaron Plattner | Kristian Høgsberg
Adam de Boor | Larry Wall
Adam Jackson | Lars Knoll
Adobe Systems Inc. | Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Leif Delgass
After X-TT Project | Lennart Augustsson
AGE Logic Inc. | Leon Shiman
Alan Coopersmith | Lexmark International Inc.
Alan Cox | Linus Torvalds
Alan Hourihane | Linuxcare Inc.
Alexander Gottwald | Lorens Younes
Alex Deucher | Luc Verhaegen
Alex Williamson | Machine Vision Holdings Inc.
Alexei Gilchrist | Mandriva Linux
Anders Carlsson | Manfred Brands
Andreas Luik | Manish Singh
Andreas Monitzer | Marc Aurele La France
Andreas Robinson | Mark Adler
Andrei Barbu | Mark J. Kilgard
Andrew C Aitchison | Mark Kettenis
Andrey A. Chernov | Mark Leisher
Andy Ritger | Mark Smulders
Angus Lees | Mark Vojkovich
Ani Joshi | Martin Husemann
Anton Zioviev | Marvin Solomon
Apollo Computer Inc. | Massachusetts Inst. Of Technology
Apple Computer Inc. | Matrox Graphics
Apple Inc. | Matt Dew
Ares Software Corp. | Matthew Grossman
Arnaud LE HORS | Matthias Hopf
Arne Schwabe | Matthias Ihmig
ASPEED Technology Inc. | Matthieu Herrb
AT&T Inc. | Metro Link Inc.
ATI Technologies Inc. | Michal Rehacek
Bart Massey | Michael Bax
Bart Trojanowski, Symbio Technologies, LLC | Michael H. Schimek
BEAM Ltd. | Michael P. Marking
Benjamin Herrenschmidt | Michael Schimek
Benjamin Rienfenstahl | Michael Smith
Ben Skeggs | Michel Dänzer
Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute | Mike A. Harris
Bigelow and Holmes | Mike Harris
Bill Reynolds | Ming Yu
Bitstream Inc. | MIPS Computer Systems Inc.
Bogdan Diaconescu | MontaVista Software Inc.
Branden Robinson | National Security Agency
Brian Fundakowski Feldman | National Semiconductor
Brian Goines | NCR Corporation Inc.
Bogdan D. | Neil Brown
Brian Paul | NetBSD Foundation
Bruce Kalk | Netscape Communications Corp.
Bruno Haible | Network Computing Devices Inc.
Bryan Stine | New Mexico State University
Bryan W. Headley. | Nicholas Joly
C. Scott Ananian | Nicholas Miell
Carl Switzky | Nicholas Wourms
Catharon Productions Inc. | Nicolai Haehnle
Charles Murcko | Noah Levitt
Chen Xiangyang | Nolan Leake
Chisato Yamauchi | Nokia Corporation
Chris Constello | Nokia Home Communications
Chris Salch | Novell Inc.
Christian Thaeter | Nozomi YTOW
Christian Zietz | NTT Software Corporation
Cognition Corp. | Number Nine Computer Corp.
Compaq Computer Corporation | Number Nine Visual Technologies
Concurrent Computer Corporation | NVIDIA Corporation
Conectiva S.A. | Oivier Danet
Corin Anderson | Oki Technosystems Laboratory Inc.
Corvin Zahn. | Olivetti Research Limited
Cronyx Ltd. | OMRON Corporation
Craig Struble | Open Software Foundation
Daewoo Electronics Co. Ltd. | Open Text Corporation
Dag-Erling Smørgrav | OpenedHand Ltd.
Dale Schumacher | Oracle Corp.
Damien Miller | Orest Zborowski
Daniel Berrange | Owen Taylor
Daniel Borca | Pablo Saratxaga
Daniel Stone | Panacea Inc.
Daniver Limited | Panagiotis Tsirigotis
Daryll Strauss | Paolo Severini
Data General Corporation | Pascal Haible
Dave Airlie | Patrick Lecoanet
David Bateman | Patrick Lerda
David Dawes | Paul Anderson
David E. Wexelblat | Paul Elliott
David Holland | Paul Mackerras
David J. McKay | Peter Breitenlohner
David McCullough | Peter Hutterer
David Mosberger-Tang | Peter Kunzmann
David Reveman | Peter Osterlund
David S. Miller | Peter Trattler
David Woodhouse | Phil Karlton
Davor Matic | Philip Blundell
Deron Johnson | Philip Homburg
Digeo Inc. | Philip Langdale
Dennis De Winter | Precision Insight Inc.
Digital Equipment Corporation | Prentice Hall
Dirk Hohndel | Quarterdeck Office Systems
Dmitry Golubev | Radek Doulik
Donnie Berkholz | Ralf Habacker
DOS-EMU-Development-Team | Randy Hendry
Doug Anson | Ranier Keller
Drew Parsons | Red Hat Inc.
Earle F. Philhower III | Regis Cridlig
Edouard TISSERANT | Rene Cougnenc
Eduard Fuchs | Richard A. Hecker
Eduardo Horvath | Richard Burdick
Egbert Eich | Rich Murphey
Egmont Koblinger | Rickard E. Faith
Elliot Lee | Rik Faith
Eric Anholt | Robert Chesler
Eric Fortune | Robert Millan
Eric Sunshine | Robert V. Baron
Erik Fortune | Robert W. Scheifler
Erik Nygren | Robin Cutshaw
Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp. | Roland Mainz
Fabio Massimo Di Nitto | Roland Scheidegger
Fabrizio Gennari | Ronny Vindenes
Fedor P. Goncharov | Russ Blaine
Felix Kühling | Ryan Breen
Finn Thoegersen | Ryan Lortie
Francesco Zappa Nardelli | Ryan Underwood
Frank C. Earl | S. Lehner
Florian Loitsch | S3 Graphics Inc.
Francisco Jerez | Sam Leffler
Fred Hucht | Santa Cruz Operation Inc.
Frederic Lepied | Sascha Hlusiak.
Fredrik Höglund | SciTech Software
Free Software Foundation | Scott Laird
Fujitsu Limited | Sebastien Marineau
Fujitsu Open Systems Solutions Inc. | Serge Winitzki
Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. | Sergey Vovk
Gaetan Nadon | Shigehiro Nomura
Gareth Hughes | ShoGraphics Inc.
Geert Uytterhoeven | Shunsuke Akiyama
George Fufutos | Silicon Graphics Computer Systems
George Sapountzis | Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Gerrit Jan Akkerman | Silicon Integrated Systems Corp
Gerry Toll | Silicon Motion Inc.
Ghozlane Toumi | Simon P. Cooper
Glenn G. Lai | Simon Thum
GNOME Foundation | Snitily Graphics Consulting Services
Go Watanabe | Sony Corporation
Google Summer of Code participants | Søren Sandmann
Greg Kroah-Hartman | SRI
Gregory Mokhin | Stanislav Brabec
Greg Parker | Stefan Bethge
GROUPE BULL | Stefan Dirsch
Guillem Jover | Stefan Gmeiner
Guy Martin | Stephane Marchesin
Hans Oey | Stephan Lang
Harald Koenig | Steven Lang
Harm Hanemaayer | Stuart Kreitman
Harold L Hunt II | Sun Microsystems Inc.
Harry Langenbacher | SunSoft Inc.
Hartwig Felger | SuSE Inc
Henry A. Worth | Sven Luther
Henry Davies | Takis Psarogiannakopoulos
Hewlett-Packard Company | Takuma Murakami
Hideki Hiura | Takuya SHIOZAKI
Hitachi Ltd. | T. A. Phelps
Holger Veit | Tektronix Inc.
Hong Bo Peng | Theo de Raadt
Howard Greenwell | Theodore Ts'o
Hummingbird Communications Ltd. | The Open Group
Ian Romanick | The Unichrome Project
IBM Corporation | The Weather Channel Inc.
Inst. of Software Academia Sinica | Thomas E. Dickey
Intel Corporation | Thomas G. Lane
INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation | Thomas Hellström
Itai Nahshon | Thomas Mueller
Itronix Inc. | Thomas Roell
Ivan Kokshaysky | Thomas Thanner
Ivan Pascal | Thomas Winischhofer
Jakub Jelinek | Thomas Wolfram
James Tsillas | Thorsten.Ohl
Jamey Sharp | Tiago Gons
Jason Bacon | Tilman Sauerbeck
Jaymz Julian | Todd C. Miller
Jean-loup Gailly | Tomohiro KUBOTA
Jeff Hartmann | Torrey Lyons
Jeff Kirk | Torrey T. Lyons
Jeffrey Hsu | TOSHIBA Corp.
Jehan Bing | Toshimitsu Tanaka
Jeremy C. Reed | Travis Tilley
Jeremy Katz | Trolltech AS
Jeremy Huddleston | Troy D. Hanson
Jerome Glisse | Tungsten Graphics Inc.
Jesse Barnes | Tuomas J. Lukka
Jim Gettys | Ty Sarna
Jim Tsillas | UCHIYAMA Yasushi
Joerg Sonnenberger | Unicode Inc.
John Dennis | UniSoft Group Limited
John Harper | University of California
John Heasley | University of South Australia
Jonathan Adamczewski | University of Utah
Jon Block | University of Wisconsin
Jon Smirl | UNIX System Laboratories Inc.
Jon Tombs | URW++ GmbH
Jörg Bösner | Valery Inozemtsev
Jorge Delgado | VA Linux Systems
José Fonseca | VIA Technologies Inc.
Josh Triplett | Video Electronics Standard Assoc.
Joseph Friedman | VMware Inc.
Joseph P. Skudlarek | Vrije Universiteit
Joseph V. Moss | Wittawat Yamwong
Julio M. Merino Vidal | Wyse Technology Inc.
Juan Romero Pardines | X Consortium
Juliusz Chroboczek | XFree86 Project Inc.
Jyunji Takagi | Xi Graphics Inc.
Kaleb Keithley | X-Oz Technologies
Kazushi (Jam) Marukawa | X-TrueType Server Project
Kazuyuki (ikko-) Okamoto | X.Org Foundation
Kazutaka YOKOTA | XGI Technology
Kean Johnston | Yu Shao
Keith Packard | Zack Rusin
Keith Whitwell | Zephaniah E. Hull
Kensuke Matsuzaki | Zhenyu Wang

This product includes software developed by The XFree86 Project, Inc (http://www.xfree86.org/) and its contributors.

This product includes software that is based in part on the work of the FreeType Team (http://www.freetype.org/).

This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.

This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. (http://www.netbsd.org/) and its contributors.

This product includes software developed by X-Oz Technologies (http://www.x-oz.com/).