
History and License
*******************


History of the software
=======================

Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl/) in the Netherlands
as a successor of a language called ABC.  Guido remains Python's
principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.

In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see
http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/) in Reston, Virginia where he released
several versions of the software.

In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team.  In October of the same
year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope
Corporation; see http://www.zope.com/).  In 2001, the Python Software
Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-
profit organization created specifically to own Python-related
Intellectual Property.  Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of the
PSF.

All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org/
for the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all,
Python releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below
summarizes the various releases.

+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| Release          | Derived from   | Year        | Owner        | GPL compatible?   |
+==================+================+=============+==============+===================+
| 0.9.0 thru 1.2   | n/a            | 1991-1995   | CWI          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1.3 thru 1.5.2   | 1.2            | 1995-1999   | CNRI         | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1.6              | 1.5.2          | 2000        | CNRI         | no                |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.0              | 1.6            | 2000        | BeOpen.com   | no                |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 1.6.1            | 1.6            | 2001        | CNRI         | no                |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1              | 2.0+1.6.1      | 2001        | PSF          | no                |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.0.1            | 2.0+1.6.1      | 2001        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1.1            | 2.1+2.0.1      | 2001        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.2              | 2.1.1          | 2001        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1.2            | 2.1.1          | 2002        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.1.3            | 2.1.2          | 2002        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.2.1            | 2.2            | 2002        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.2.2            | 2.2.1          | 2002        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.2.3            | 2.2.2          | 2002-2003   | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.3              | 2.2.2          | 2002-2003   | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.3.1            | 2.3            | 2002-2003   | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.3.2            | 2.3.1          | 2003        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.3.3            | 2.3.2          | 2003        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.3.4            | 2.3.3          | 2004        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.3.5            | 2.3.4          | 2005        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.4              | 2.3            | 2004        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.4.1            | 2.4            | 2005        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.4.2            | 2.4.1          | 2005        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.4.3            | 2.4.2          | 2006        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.4.4            | 2.4.3          | 2006        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.5              | 2.4            | 2006        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.5.1            | 2.5            | 2007        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.5.2            | 2.5.1          | 2008        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.5.3            | 2.5.2          | 2008        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.6              | 2.5            | 2008        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.6.1            | 2.6            | 2008        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.6.2            | 2.6.1          | 2009        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.6.3            | 2.6.2          | 2009        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.6.4            | 2.6.3          | 2010        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+
| 2.7              | 2.6            | 2010        | PSF          | yes               |
+------------------+----------------+-------------+--------------+-------------------+

Note: GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under the
  GPL.  All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute a
  modified version without making your changes open source. The GPL-
  compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with other
  software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.

Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
direction to make these releases possible.


Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
============================================================

PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.7.5

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
   ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing
   and otherwise using Python 2.7.5 software in source or binary form
   and its associated documentation.

2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF
   hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
   license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display
   publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use
   Python 2.7.5 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however,
   that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e.,
   "Copyright © 2001-2013 Python Software Foundation; All Rights
   Reserved" are retained in Python 2.7.5 alone or in any derivative
   version prepared by Licensee.

3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
   or incorporates Python 2.7.5 or any part thereof, and wants to make
   the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
   Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary
   of the changes made to Python 2.7.5.

4. PSF is making Python 2.7.5 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
   basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
   DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
   FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 2.7.5
   WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
   2.7.5 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
   AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
   2.7.5, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
   POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
   breach of its terms and conditions.

7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
   relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF
   and Licensee.  This License Agreement does not grant permission to
   use PSF trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or
   promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party.

8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python 2.7.5, Licensee
   agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
   Agreement.

BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE
LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
   office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
   Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise
   using this software in source or binary form and its associated
   documentation ("the Software").

2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
   Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-
   free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform
   and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and
   otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,
   provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in
   the Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by
   Licensee.

3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
   basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO
   AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
   FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE
   WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
   SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR
   LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE,
   OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
   THEREOF.

5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
   breach of its terms and conditions.

6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all
   respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict
   of law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be
   deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint
   venture between BeOpen and Licensee.  This License Agreement does
   not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a
   trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of
   Licensee, or any third party.  As an exception, the "BeOpen Python"
   logos available at http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used
   according to the permissions granted on that web page.

7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
   agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
   Agreement.

CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
   Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,
   Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
   ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
   source or binary form and its associated documentation.

2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
   hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
   license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display
   publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use
   Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however,
   that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e.,
   "Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research
   Initiatives; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1
   alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
   Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement, Licensee may
   substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): "Python 1.6.1
   is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's
   License Agreement.  This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may
   be located on the Internet using the following unique, persistent
   identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013.  This Agreement may
   also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet using the
   following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013."

3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
   or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
   the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
   Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary
   of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.

4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
   basis.  CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
   IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND
   DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
   FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1
   WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.

5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
   1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
   AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
   1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
   POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
   breach of its terms and conditions.

7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal
   intellectual property law of the United States, including without
   limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such U.S.
   federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
   Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
   Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works
   based on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that
   was previously distributed under the GNU General Public License
   (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this
   License Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect
   to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement.  Nothing in
   this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship
   of agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee.
   This License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI
   trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
   products or services of Licensee, or any third party.

8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,
   installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be
   bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

ACCEPTCWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2

Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.  All rights reserved.

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch
Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.

STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software
=======================================================

This section is an incomplete, but growing list of licenses and
acknowledgements for third-party software incorporated in the Python
distribution.


Mersenne Twister
----------------

The ``_random`` module includes code based on a download from http://w
ww.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/MT2002/emt19937ar.html. The
following are the verbatim comments from the original code:

   A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.
   Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.

   Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)
   or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).

   Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:

    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
       products derived from this software without specific prior written
       permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
   CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
   EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
   PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
   PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
   NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
   SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


   Any feedback is very welcome.
   http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.html
   email: m-mat @ math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (remove space)


Sockets
-------

The ``socket`` module uses the functions, ``getaddrinfo()``, and
``getnameinfo()``, which are coded in separate source files from the
WIDE Project, http://www.wide.ad.jp/.

   Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:
   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
      may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
      without specific prior written permission.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   GAI_ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   FOR GAI_ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON GAI_ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN GAI_ANY WAY
   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   SUCH DAMAGE.


Floating point exception control
--------------------------------

The source for the ``fpectl`` module includes the following notice:

     ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    /                       Copyright (c) 1996.                           \
   |          The Regents of the University of California.                 |
   |                        All rights reserved.                           |
   |                                                                       |
   |   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for   |
   |   any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this en-   |
   |   tire notice is included in all copies of any software which is or   |
   |   includes  a  copy  or  modification  of  this software and in all   |
   |   copies of the supporting documentation for such software.           |
   |                                                                       |
   |   This  work was produced at the University of California, Lawrence   |
   |   Livermore National Laboratory under  contract  no.  W-7405-ENG-48   |
   |   between  the  U.S.  Department  of  Energy and The Regents of the   |
   |   University of California for the operation of UC LLNL.              |
   |                                                                       |
   |                              DISCLAIMER                               |
   |                                                                       |
   |   This  software was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an   |
   |   agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States   |
   |   Government  nor the University of California nor any of their em-   |
   |   ployees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or  assumes  any   |
   |   liability  or  responsibility  for the accuracy, completeness, or   |
   |   usefulness of any information,  apparatus,  product,  or  process   |
   |   disclosed,   or  represents  that  its  use  would  not  infringe   |
   |   privately-owned rights. Reference herein to any specific  commer-   |
   |   cial  products,  process,  or  service  by trade name, trademark,   |
   |   manufacturer, or otherwise, does not  necessarily  constitute  or   |
   |   imply  its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United   |
   |   States Government or the University of California. The views  and   |
   |   opinions  of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or   |
   |   reflect those of the United States Government or  the  University   |
   |   of  California,  and shall not be used for advertising or product   |
    \  endorsement purposes.                                              /
     ---------------------------------------------------------------------


MD5 message digest algorithm
----------------------------

The source code for the ``md5`` module contains the following notice:

   Copyright (C) 1999, 2002 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.

   This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
   warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
   arising from the use of this software.

   Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
   including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
   freely, subject to the following restrictions:

   1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
      claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
      in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
      appreciated but is not required.
   2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
      misrepresented as being the original software.
   3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

   L. Peter Deutsch
   ghost@aladdin.com

   Independent implementation of MD5 (RFC 1321).

   This code implements the MD5 Algorithm defined in RFC 1321, whose
   text is available at
         http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt
   The code is derived from the text of the RFC, including the test suite
   (section A.5) but excluding the rest of Appendix A.  It does not include
   any code or documentation that is identified in the RFC as being
   copyrighted.

   The original and principal author of md5.h is L. Peter Deutsch
   <ghost@aladdin.com>.  Other authors are noted in the change history
   that follows (in reverse chronological order):

   2002-04-13 lpd Removed support for non-ANSI compilers; removed
         references to Ghostscript; clarified derivation from RFC 1321;
         now handles byte order either statically or dynamically.
   1999-11-04 lpd Edited comments slightly for automatic TOC extraction.
   1999-10-18 lpd Fixed typo in header comment (ansi2knr rather than md5);
         added conditionalization for C++ compilation from Martin
         Purschke <purschke@bnl.gov>.
   1999-05-03 lpd Original version.


Asynchronous socket services
----------------------------

The ``asynchat`` and ``asyncore`` modules contain the following
notice:

   Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing

                           All Rights Reserved

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
   its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
   granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
   copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
   notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam
   Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
   distribution of the software without specific, written prior
   permission.

   SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
   INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
   NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
   CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
   OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
   NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
   CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Cookie management
-----------------

The ``Cookie`` module contains the following notice:

   Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>

                  All Rights Reserved

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
   and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
   granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
   copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
   notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
   Timothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicity
   pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
   prior permission.

   Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
   SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
   AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR
   ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
   WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
   ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
   PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.


Execution tracing
-----------------

The ``trace`` module contains the following notice:

   portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...
   err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the
   Python 2.2 license.
   Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx
   http://zooko.com/
   mailto:zooko@zooko.com

   Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.
   Author: Skip Montanaro

   Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.
   Author: Andrew Dalke

   Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.
   Author: Skip Montanaro

   Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.


   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and
   its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby
   granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,
   and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
   supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,
   Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
   distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.


UUencode and UUdecode functions
-------------------------------

The ``uu`` module contains the following notice:

   Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse
   Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.
                          All Rights Reserved
   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
   documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
   provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
   both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
   supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse
   not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
   of the software without specific, written prior permission.
   LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
   THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
   FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE
   FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
   WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
   ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
   OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

   Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:
   - Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion
     between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C
     version is still 5 times faster, though.
   - Arguments more compliant with Python standard


XML Remote Procedure Calls
--------------------------

The ``xmlrpclib`` module contains the following notice:

       The XML-RPC client interface is

   Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
   Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh

   By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
   associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
   and will comply with the following terms and conditions:

   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
   its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
   hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
   all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
   notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
   Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
   pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
   prior permission.

   SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
   TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
   ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
   BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
   DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
   ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
   OF THIS SOFTWARE.


test_epoll
----------

The ``test_epoll`` contains the following notice:

   Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
   included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
   NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
   LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
   OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
   WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


Select kqueue
-------------

The ``select`` and contains the following notice for the kqueue
interface:

   Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian Heimes
   All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:
   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
   ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
   FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
   DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
   OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
   HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
   OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   SUCH DAMAGE.


strtod and dtoa
---------------

The file ``Python/dtoa.c``, which supplies C functions dtoa and strtod
for conversion of C doubles to and from strings, is derived from the
file of the same name by David M. Gay, currently available from
http://www.netlib.org/fp/.  The original file, as retrieved on March
16, 2009, contains the following copyright and licensing notice:

   /****************************************************************
    *
    * The author of this software is David M. Gay.
    *
    * Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies.
    *
    * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
    * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
    * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
    * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
    * documentation for such software.
    *
    * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
    * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR LUCENT MAKES ANY
    * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
    * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
    *
    ***************************************************************/


OpenSSL
-------

The modules ``hashlib``, ``posix``, ``ssl``, ``crypt`` use the OpenSSL
library for added performance if made available by the operating
system. Additionally, the Windows installers for Python include a copy
of the OpenSSL libraries, so we include a copy of the OpenSSL license
here:

    LICENSE ISSUES
    ==============

    The OpenSSL toolkit stays under a dual license, i.e. both the conditions of
    the OpenSSL License and the original SSLeay license apply to the toolkit.
    See below for the actual license texts. Actually both licenses are BSD-style
    Open Source licenses. In case of any license issues related to OpenSSL
    please contact openssl-core@openssl.org.

    OpenSSL License
    ---------------

      /* ====================================================================
       * Copyright (c) 1998-2008 The OpenSSL Project.  All rights reserved.
       *
       * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
       * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
       * are met:
       *
       * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
       *
       * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
       *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
       *    distribution.
       *
       * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
       *    software must display the following acknowledgment:
       *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
       *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
       *
       * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
       *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
       *    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
       *    openssl-core@openssl.org.
       *
       * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
       *    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
       *    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
       *
       * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
       *    acknowledgment:
       *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
       *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
       *
       * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
       * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
       * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
       * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
       * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
       * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
       * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
       * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
       * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
       * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
       * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
       * ====================================================================
       *
       * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
       * (eay@cryptsoft.com).  This product includes software written by Tim
       * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
       *
       */

   Original SSLeay License
   -----------------------

      /* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
       * All rights reserved.
       *
       * This package is an SSL implementation written
       * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
       * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
       *
       * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
       * the following conditions are aheared to.  The following conditions
       * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
       * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code.  The SSL documentation
       * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
       * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
       *
       * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in
       * the code are not to be removed.
       * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
       * as the author of the parts of the library used.
       * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
       * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
       *
       * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
       * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
       * are met:
       * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
       *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
       * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
       * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
       *    must display the following acknowledgement:
       *    "This product includes cryptographic software written by
       *     Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
       *    The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
       *    being used are not cryptographic related :-).
       * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from
       *    the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
       *    "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
       *
       * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
       * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
       * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
       * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
       * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
       * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
       * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
       * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
       * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
       * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
       * SUCH DAMAGE.
       *
       * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
       * derivative of this code cannot be changed.  i.e. this code cannot simply be
       * copied and put under another distribution licence
       * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
       */


expat
-----

The ``pyexpat`` extension is built using an included copy of the expat
sources unless the build is configured ``--with-system-expat``:

   Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd
                                  and Clark Cooper

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
   in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
   IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
   CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
   TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
   SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


libffi
------

The ``_ctypes`` extension is built using an included copy of the
libffi sources unless the build is configured
``--with-system-libffi``:

   Copyright (c) 1996-2008  Red Hat, Inc and others.

   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
   ``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
   the following conditions:

   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
   in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
   NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
   HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
   WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
   DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


zlib
----

The ``zlib`` extension is built using an included copy of the zlib
sources if the zlib version found on the system is too old to be used
for the build:

   Copyright (C) 1995-2010 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler

   This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
   warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
   arising from the use of this software.

   Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
   including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
   freely, subject to the following restrictions:

   1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
      claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
      in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
      appreciated but is not required.

   2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
      misrepresented as being the original software.

   3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

   Jean-loup Gailly        Mark Adler
   jloup@gzip.org          madler@alumni.caltech.edu
