TIFFCOLOR(3tiff)

NAME
TIFFcolor - color conversion routines

SYNOPSIS

    #include <tiffio.h>

int TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit(TIFFYCbCrToRGB *ycbcr, float *luma, float *refBlackWhite)

void TIFFYCbCrtoRGB(TIFFYCbCrToRGB *ycbcr, uint32_t Y, int32_t Cb, int32_t Cr, uint32_t *R, uint32_t *G, uint32_t *B)

int TIFFCIELabToRGBInit(TIFFCIELabToRGB *cielab, const TIFFDisplay *displayw, float *refWhite)

void TIFFCIELabToXYZ(TIFFCIELabToRGB *cielab, uint32_t L, int32_t a, int32_t b, float *X, float *Y, float *Z)

void TIFFXYZToRGB(TIFFCIELabToRGB *cielab, float X, float Y, float Z, uint32_t *R, uint32_t *G, uint32_t *B)

DESCRIPTION

TIFF supports several color spaces for images stored in that format. There is usually a problem of application to handle the data properly and convert between different colorspaces for displaying and printing purposes. To simplify this task libtiff implements several color conversion routines itself. In particular, these routines used in the TIFFRGBAImage <> interface.

TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit() used to initialize YCbCr to RGB conversion state.

Note: The calling program is responsible for allocating and releasing the required buffer for the structure TIFFYCbCrToRGB and its required tables, pointed to by ycbcr. The pointers to these tables are stored in the structure TIFFYCbCrToRGB, which is located at the beginning of that buffer. Thus, this memory has to be allocated as shown in the example below.

TIFFYCbCrToRGB is defined in tiffio.h as:

    typedef struct {                /* YCbCr->RGB support */
            TIFFRGBValue* clamptab; /* range clamping table */
            int*          Cr_r_tab;
            int*          Cb_b_tab;
            int32_t*      Cr_g_tab;
            int32_t*      Cb_g_tab;
            int32_t*      Y_tab;
    } TIFFYCbCrToRGB;

luma is a float array of three values representing proportions of the red, green and blue in luminance, Y (see section 21 of the TIFF 6.0 specification, where YCbCr images are discussed). TIFFTAG_YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS hold these values in TIFF file. refBlackWhite is a float array of 6 values which specifies a pair of headroom and footroom image data values (codes) for each image component (see section 20 of the TIFF 6.0 specification where the colorimetry fields are discussed). TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE is responsible for storing these values in TIFF file. The following code snippet should help to understand the the technique:

    float *luma, *refBlackWhite;
    uint16_t hs, vs;
    /* Initialize structures */
    TIFFYCbCrToRGB *ycbcr = (TIFFYCbCrToRGB*)
        _TIFFmalloc(TIFFroundup(sizeof(TIFFYCbCrToRGB), sizeof(long))
            + 4*256*sizeof(TIFFRGBValue)
            + 2*256*sizeof(int)
            + 3*256*sizeof(int32_t));
    if (ycbcr == NULL) {
        TIFFError("YCbCr->RGB",
        "No space for YCbCr->RGB conversion state");
        exit(0);
    }
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_YCBCRCOEFFICIENTS, &luma);
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_REFERENCEBLACKWHITE, &refBlackWhite);
    if (TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit(ycbcr, luma, refBlackWhite) < 0) {
        exit(0);
    }
    /* Start conversion */
    uint32_t r, g, b;
    uint32_t Y;
    int32_t Cb, Cr;
    for each pixel in image {
        TIFFYCbCrtoRGB(img->ycbcr, Y, Cb, Cr, &r, &g, &b);
    }
    /* Free state structure */
    _TIFFfree(ycbcr);

TIFFCIELabToRGBInit() initializes the CIE L*a*b* 1976 to RGB conversion state. TIFFCIELabToRGB is defined as:

    #define CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE 1500
    typedef struct {                                /* CIE Lab 1976->RGB support */
        int      range;                             /* Size of conversion table */
        float    rstep, gstep, bstep;
        float    X0, Y0, Z0;                        /* Reference white point */
        TIFFDisplay display;
        float    Yr2r[CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE + 1]; /* Conversion of Yr to r */
        float    Yg2g[CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE + 1]; /* Conversion of Yg to g */
        float    Yb2b[CIELABTORGB_TABLE_RANGE + 1]; /* Conversion of Yb to b */
    } TIFFCIELabToRGB;

display is a display device description, declared as:

    typedef struct {
        float d_mat[3][3]; /* XYZ -> luminance matrix */
        float d_YCR;       /* Light o/p for reference white */
        float d_YCG;
        float d_YCB;
        uint32_t d_Vrwr;   /* Pixel values for ref. white */
        uint32_t d_Vrwg;
        uint32_t d_Vrwb;
        float d_Y0R;       /* Residual light for black pixel */
        float d_Y0G;
        float d_Y0B;
        float d_gammaR;    /* Gamma values for the three guns */
        float d_gammaG;
        float d_gammaB;
    } TIFFDisplay;

For example, one can use sRGB device, which has the following parameters:

    TIFFDisplay display_sRGB = {
        {   /* XYZ -> luminance matrix */
            {  3.2410F, -1.5374F, -0.4986F },
            {  -0.9692F, 1.8760F, 0.0416F },
            {  0.0556F, -0.2040F, 1.0570F }
        },
        100.0F, 100.0F, 100.0F, /* Light o/p for reference white */
        255, 255, 255,          /* Pixel values for ref. white */
        1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F,       /* Residual light o/p for black pixel */
        2.4F, 2.4F, 2.4F,       /* Gamma values for the three guns */
    };

refWhite is a color temperature of the reference white. The TIFFTAG_WHITEPOINT contains the chromaticity of the white point of the image from where the reference white can be calculated using following formulae:

    refWhite_Y = 100.0
    refWhite_X = whitePoint_x / whitePoint_y * refWhite_Y
    refWhite_Z = (1.0 - whitePoint_x - whitePoint_y) / whitePoint_y * refWhite_X

The conversion itself performed in two steps: at the first one we will convert CIE L*a*b* 1976 to CIE XYZ using the TIFFCIELabToXYZ() routine, and at the second step we will convert CIE XYZ to RGB using TIFFXYZToRGB(). Look at the code sample below:

    float   *whitePoint;
    float   refWhite[3];
    /* Initialize structures */
    img->cielab = (TIFFCIELabToRGB *)
        _TIFFmalloc(sizeof(TIFFCIELabToRGB));
    if (!cielab) {
        TIFFError("CIE L*a*b*->RGB",
            "No space for CIE L*a*b*->RGB conversion state.");
        exit(0);
    }
    TIFFGetFieldDefaulted(tif, TIFFTAG_WHITEPOINT, &whitePoint);
    refWhite[1] = 100.0F;
    refWhite[0] = whitePoint[0] / whitePoint[1] * refWhite[1];
    refWhite[2] = (1.0F - whitePoint[0] - whitePoint[1])
        / whitePoint[1] * refWhite[1];
    if (TIFFCIELabToRGBInit(cielab, &display_sRGB, refWhite) < 0) {
        TIFFError("CIE L*a*b*->RGB",
            "Failed to initialize CIE L*a*b*->RGB conversion state.");
        _TIFFfree(cielab);
        exit(0);
    }
    /* Now we can start to convert */
    uint32_t r, g, b;
    uint32_t L;
    int32_t a, b;
    float X, Y, Z;
    for each pixel in image {
        TIFFCIELabToXYZ(cielab, L, a, b, &X, &Y, &Z);
        TIFFXYZToRGB(cielab, X, Y, Z, &r, &g, &b);
    }
    /* Don't forget to free the state structure */
    _TIFFfree(cielab);

SEE ALSO

TIFFRGBAImage <> (3tiff), libtiff <> (3tiff)

Author
LibTIFF contributors

Copyright
1988-2025, LibTIFF contributors