# APC_MODBUS(8)

## NAME

apc_modbus - Driver for APC Smart-UPS Modbus protocol

## SYNOPSIS

apc_modbus -h

apc_modbus -a UPS_NAME [OPTIONS]

## SUPPORTED HARDWARE

Generally this driver should work for all the APC Modbus UPS devices. Some devices might expose more than is currently supported, like multiple phases. A general rule of thumb is that APC devices (or firmware versions) released after 2010 are more likely to support Modbus than the USB HID standard.

Tested with the following hardware:

- SMT1500 (Smart-UPS 1500, Firmware 9.6)

- SMX750 (Smart-UPS X 750, Firmware 10.1)

- SMX1500 (Smart-UPS X 1500, Firmware 15.0)

- SMX2200 (Smart-UPS X 2200, Firmware 15.0)

Note that you will have to enable Modbus communication. In the front panel of the UPS, go to Advanced Menu mode, under Configuration and enable Modbus.

Note | This driver was tested with Serial, TCP and USB interfaces for Modbus. Notably, the Serial ports are not available on all devices nowadays; the TCP support may require a purchase of an additional network management card; and the USB support currently requires a non-standard build of libmodbus (pull request against the upstream library is pending, as of at the time of this publication) as a pre-requisite to building NUT with this part of the support. For more details (including how to build the custom library and NUT with it) please see NUT PR #2063

Note | As currently published, this driver supports reading information from the UPS. Implementation of support to write (set modifiable variables or send commands) is expected with a later release. This can impact the host shutdown routines in particular (no ability to actively tell the UPS to power off or cycle in the end). As a workaround, you can try integrating `apctest` (from the "apcupsd" project) with a "Test to kill power" into your late-shutdown procedure, if needed.

## EXTRA ARGUMENTS

This driver also supports the following optional settings:

port = string

  Required option for all NUT drivers. Some value must be set, typically auto for drivers that handle USB connections.

  Note | This could be a device filesystem path like `/dev/usb/hiddev0` but current use of libusb API precludes knowing and matching by such identifiers. They may also be inherently unreliable (dependent on re-plugging and enumeration order). At this time the actual value is ignored, but syntactically some port configuration must still be there.

It is possible to control multiple UPS units simultaneously by running several instances of this driver, provided they can be uniquely distinguished by setting some combination of the vendor, product, vendorid, productid, serial, bus and/or device options detailed below. For devices or operating systems that do not provide sufficient information, the allow_duplicates option can be of use (limited and risky!)

vendorid = regex
productid = regex
vendor = regex
product = regex
serial = regex

  Select a specific UPS, in case there is more than one connected via USB. Each option specifies an extended regular expression (see regex(7) for more information on regular expressions), which must match the UPS’s entire respective `vendor`/`product`/`serial` string values (minus any surrounding whitespace), or the whole 4-digit hexadecimal code for `vendorid` and `productid`.

  Try lsusb(8) or running this NUT driver with `-DD` command-line argument for finding out the strings to match.

  Examples:

  - `-x vendor="Foo.Corporation.*"`

  - `-x vendorid="051d*"` (APC)

  - `-x product=".*(Smart|Back)-?UPS.*"`

bus = regex

  OPTIONAL, NOT RECOMMENDED.

  Select a UPS on a specific USB bus or group of buses. The argument is a regular expression that must match the bus name where the UPS is connected (e.g. `bus="002"` or `bus="00[2-3]"`) as seen on Linux in `/sys/bus/usb/devices` or lsusb(8); including leading zeroes.

  Note | Bus numbers are not guaranteed by the OS to be stable across re-boots, kernel driver reloads or device re-plugging (e.g. changing visible population of USB hubs).

device = regex

  OPTIONAL, NOT RECOMMENDED.

  Select a UPS on a specific USB device or group of devices. The argument is a regular expression that must match the device name where the UPS is connected (e.g. `device="001"` or `device="00[1-2]"`) as seen on Linux in `/sys/bus/usb/devices` or lsusb(8); including leading zeroes.

  Note | Device numbers are not guaranteed by the OS to be stable across re-boots or device re-plugging.

busport = regex

  OPTIONAL, NOT RECOMMENDED.

  If supported by the hardware, OS and libusb on the particular deployment, this option should allow to specify physical port numbers on an USB hub, rather than logical `device` enumeration values, and in turn — this should be less volatile across reboots or re-plugging. The value may be seen in the USB topology output of `lsusb -tv` on systems with that tool, for example.

  Note | This option is not practically supported by some NUT builds (it should be ignored with a warning then), and not by all systems that NUT can run on.

allow_duplicates

  OPTIONAL, NOT RECOMMENDED.

  If you have several UPS devices which may not be uniquely identified by the options above (e.g. only VID:PID can be discovered there), this flag allows each driver instance where it is set to take the first match if available, or proceed to try another.

  Normally the driver initialization would abort at this point claiming "Resource busy" or similar error, assuming that the otherwise properly matched device is unique — and some other process already handles it.

  Warning | This feature is inherently non-deterministic! The association of driver instance name to actual device may vary between runs! If you only care to know that at least one of your no-name UPSes is online, this option can help. If you must really know which one, it will not!

usb_set_altinterface = bAlternateSetting

  Force redundant call to `usb_set_altinterface()`, especially if needed for devices serving multiple USB roles where the UPS is not represented by the interface number `0` (default).

usb_config_index
usb_hid_rep_index
usb_hid_desc_index
usb_hid_ep_in
usb_hid_ep_out

  Force use of specific interface, endpoint, descriptor index etc. numbers, rather than defaulting to 0 (rarely other values in certain drivers for some devices known to use non-zero numbers). Specified as a hexadecimal number.

  As a rule of thumb for `usb_hid_desc_index` discovery, you can see larger `wDescriptorLength` values (roughly 600+ bytes) in reports of `lsusb` or similar tools.

LIBUSB_DEBUG = INTEGER

  Run-time troubleshooting of USB-capable NUT drivers can involve not only raising the common NUT debug verbosity (e.g. using the `DEBUG_MIN` setting in ups.conf(5) or protocol commands to change the `driver.debug` value), but may also benefit from LibUSB specific debugging.

  For the latter, you can set the `LIBUSB_DEBUG` driver option; alternatively you can classically export the environment variable `LIBUSB_DEBUG` before starting a NUT driver program (may be set and "exported" in driver init script or service method, perhaps via nut.conf(5)), to a numeric value such as `4` ("All messages are emitted").

  For more details, including the currently supported values for your version of the library, see e.g.:

  - https://libusb.sourceforge.io/api-1.0/

  - https://libusb.sourceforge.io/api-1.0/group__libusb__lib.html

porttype=value

  Set the type of the port used. Available values are serial for RS232/485 based connections, tcp for TCP/IP connections and usb for USB connections.

port=value

  Depending on the port type you can select a port here. For usb only auto is supported, for serial you can pass a device path like /dev/ttyS0 and for tcp you can pass an IP address or a hostname with optional port like example.com:502.

baudrate=num

  Set the speed of the serial connection. The default baudrate is 9600.

parity=value

  Set the parity of the serial connection. Available values are N for none, E for even and O for odd. The default parity is N (none).

databits=num

  Set the data bits of the serial connection. The default databits is 8.

stopbits=num

  Set the stop bits of the serial connection. The default stopbits is 1.

slaveid=num

  Set the Modbus slave id. The default slave id is 1.

response_timeout_ms=num

  Set the Modbus response timeout. The default timeout is set by libmodbus. It can be good to set a higher timeout on TCP connections with high latency.

## BUGS

### RTU USB support

This driver relies on advanced features of `libmodbus` to talk Modbus protocol over USB specifically (Serial and TCP are part of common library codebase). At the time of this writing, the common library project is just expecting a merge of the pull request with this ability.

For the time being, if your OS distribution does not ship the required feature set, you may have to build your own `libmodbus` and subsequently (re-)build NUT against this library, as detailed in the NUT GitHub Wiki at https://github.com/networkupstools/nut/wiki/APC-UPS-with-Modbus-protocol

The short sequence may be like follows:

    cd ~/
    git clone -b rtu_usb https://github.com/networkupstools/libmodbus
    cd libmodbus
    ./autogen.sh
    ./configure --with-libusb --prefix=/path/to/prefix
    make install

Note | you may need to ‘make && sudo make install` if you want to place this library files’ variant into a system path (like `--prefix=/usr/local/ups` to match NUT defaults — this activity would need privilege elevation via `sudo`), and not into your home directory or some `/tmp` location. conversely, you may want to `./configure --with-libusb --enable-static --disable-shared --prefix=/path/to/prefix` and only build and install a static `libmodbus.a` (can well be installed into `/tmp` or similarly short-lived location), so that the customized Modbus+USB logic gets built directly into `apc_modbus` binary program and there would be no potential run-time conflict with a dynamic library file available elsewhere in the system.

    cd ~/
    git clone https://github.com/networkupstools/nut
    cd nut
    ./autogen.sh
    ./configure --with-drivers=apc_modbus --with-usb --with-modbus \
       --with-modbus-includes=-I/path/to/prefix/include/modbus \
       --with-modbus-libs="-L/path/to/prefix/lib -lmodbus"
    make

Note | Other NUT `configure` options may be needed for proper behavior, such as `--prefix`, `--with-confdir`, `--with-user` and `--with-group` to match your packaged or otherwise preceding NUT installation.

The `./configure --enable-inplace-runtime` may be a good start to inherit build configuration from an existing NUT deployment, as further detailed at https://github.com/networkupstools/nut/wiki/Building-NUT-for-in%E2%80%90place-upgrades-or-non%E2%80%90disruptive-tests

### Using host names for UPS NMC

An UPS network management card may be assigned a fixed/static IP address or a dynamic one (e.g. by DHCP) in your network. Due to this, you may want or have to use a dynamic naming service to access the UPS. Note that this may become a problem specifically during large outages and shutdowns, when your DHCP/DNS server might already go down while the driver needs to resolve the name involved (especially during late-shutdown hooks, when a new instance of the driver program might start just to tell the UPS to power off or to power-cycle).

It may be wise to ensure your OS name service client can cache the UPS name sufficiently long, or to use fixed IP addressing (and an entry in `/etc/hosts` for good measure, so you only have one spot to eventually re-configure this).

## AUTHORS

- Axel Gembe <axel@gembe.net>

## SEE ALSO

### The core driver

nutupsdrv(8), ups.conf(5)

### Internet resources

The NUT (Network UPS Tools) home page: https://www.networkupstools.org/historic/v2.8.5/