# Compatibility Functions

The X Version 11 and X Version 10 functions discussed in this appendix are obsolete, have been superseded by newer X Version 11 functions, and are maintained for compatibility reasons only.

## X Version 11 Compatibility Functions

You can use the X Version 11 compatibility functions to:

- Set standard properties

- Set and get window sizing hints

- Set and get an XStandardColormap structure

- Parse window geometry

- Get X environment defaults

### Setting Standard Properties

To specify a minimum set of properties describing the simplest application, use . This function has been superseded by and sets all or portions of the WM_NAME, WM_ICON_NAME, WM_HINTS, WM_COMMAND, and WM_NORMAL_HINTS properties.

`XSetStandardProperties` Display *display Window w char *window_name char *icon_name Pixmap icon_pixmap char **argv int argc XSizeHints *hints

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

window_name

  Specifies the window name, which should be a null-terminated string.

icon_name

  Specifies the icon name, which should be a null-terminated string.

icon_pixmap

  Specifies the bitmap that is to be used for the icon or None.

argv

  Specifies the application's argument list.

argc

  Specifies the number of arguments.

hints

  Specifies a pointer to the size hints for the window in its normal state.

The function provides a means by which simple applications set the most essential properties with a single call. should be used to give a window manager some information about your program's preferences. It should not be used by applications that need to communicate more information than is possible with . (Typically, argv is the argv array of your main program.) If the strings are not in the Host Portable Character Encoding, the result is implementation-dependent.

can generate BadAlloc and BadWindow errors.

XSetStandardProperties

### Setting and Getting Window Sizing Hints

Xlib provides functions that you can use to set or get window sizing hints. The functions discussed in this section use the flags and the XSizeHints structure, as defined in the `<X11/Xutil.h>` header file and use the WM_NORMAL_HINTS property.

X11/Xutil.h
Files <X11/Xutil.h>
Headers <X11/Xutil.h>

To set the size hints for a given window in its normal state, use . This function has been superseded by .

`XSetNormalHints` Display *display Window w XSizeHints *hints

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

hints

  Specifies a pointer to the size hints for the window in its normal state.

The function sets the size hints structure for the specified window. Applications use to inform the window manager of the size or position desirable for that window. In addition, an application that wants to move or resize itself should call and specify its new desired location and size as well as making direct Xlib calls to move or resize. This is because window managers may ignore redirected configure requests, but they pay attention to property changes.

To set size hints, an application not only must assign values to the appropriate members in the hints structure but also must set the flags member of the structure to indicate which information is present and where it came from. A call to is meaningless, unless the flags member is set to indicate which members of the structure have been assigned values.

can generate BadAlloc and BadWindow errors.

To return the size hints for a window in its normal state, use . This function has been superseded by .

Status `XGetNormalHints` Display *display Window w XSizeHints *hints_return

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

hints_return

  Returns the size hints for the window in its normal state.

The function returns the size hints for a window in its normal state. It returns a nonzero status if it succeeds or zero if the application specified no normal size hints for this window.

can generate a BadWindow error.

The next two functions set and read the WM_ZOOM_HINTS property.

To set the zoom hints for a window, use . This function is no longer supported by the Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual.

`XSetZoomHints` Display *display Window w XSizeHints *zhints

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

zhints

  Specifies a pointer to the zoom hints.

Many window managers think of windows in one of three states: iconic, normal, or zoomed. The function provides the window manager with information for the window in the zoomed state.

can generate BadAlloc and BadWindow errors.

To read the zoom hints for a window, use . This function is no longer supported by the Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual.

Status `XGetZoomHints` Display *display Window w XSizeHints *zhints_return

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

zhints_return

  Returns the zoom hints.

The function returns the size hints for a window in its zoomed state. It returns a nonzero status if it succeeds or zero if the application specified no zoom size hints for this window.

can generate a BadWindow error.

To set the value of any property of type WM_SIZE_HINTS, use . This function has been superseded by .

`XSetSizeHints` Display *display Window w XSizeHints *hints Atom property

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

hints

  Specifies a pointer to the size hints.

property

  Specifies the property name.

The function sets the XSizeHints structure for the named property and the specified window. This is used by and and can be used to set the value of any property of type WM_SIZE_HINTS. Thus, it may be useful if other properties of that type get defined.

can generate BadAlloc, BadAtom, and BadWindow errors.

To read the value of any property of type WM_SIZE_HINTS, use . This function has been superseded by .

Status `XGetSizeHints` Display *display Window w XSizeHints *hints_return Atom property

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

hints_return

  Returns the size hints.

property

  Specifies the property name.

The function returns the XSizeHints structure for the named property and the specified window. This is used by and . It also can be used to retrieve the value of any property of type WM_SIZE_HINTS. Thus, it may be useful if other properties of that type get defined. returns a nonzero status if a size hint was defined or zero otherwise.

can generate BadAtom and BadWindow errors.

XSetNormalHints
XGetNormalHints
XSetZoomHints
XGetZoomHints
XSetSizeHints
XGetSizeHints

### Getting and Setting an XStandardColormap Structure

To get the XStandardColormap structure associated with one of the described atoms, use . This function has been superseded by .

Status `XGetStandardColormap` Display *display Window w XStandardColormap *colormap_return Atom property

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

colormap_return

  Returns the colormap associated with the specified atom.

property

  Specifies the property name.

The function returns the colormap definition associated with the atom supplied as the property argument. returns a nonzero status if successful and zero otherwise. For example, to fetch the standard GrayScale colormap for a display, you use with the following syntax:

    XGetStandardColormap(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), &cmap, XA_RGB_GRAY_MAP);

See section 14.3 for the semantics of standard colormaps.

can generate BadAtom and BadWindow errors.

To set a standard colormap, use . This function has been superseded by .

`XSetStandardColormap` Display *display Window w XStandardColormap *colormap Atom property

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

w

  Specifies the window.

colormap

  Specifies the colormap.

property

  Specifies the property name.

The function usually is only used by window or session managers.

can generate BadAlloc, BadAtom, BadDrawable, and BadWindow errors.

XGetStandardColormap
XSetStandardColormap

### Parsing Window Geometry

To parse window geometry given a user-specified position and a default position, use . This function has been superseded by .

int `XGeometry` Display *display int screen char*position, *default_position unsignedint bwidth unsignedintfwidth, fheight intxadder, yadder int*x_return, *y_return int*width_return, *height_return

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

screen

  Specifies the screen.

position

default_position

  Specify the geometry specifications.

bwidth

  Specifies the border width.

fheight

fwidth

  Specify the font height and width in pixels (increment size).

xadder

yadder

  Specify additional interior padding needed in the window.

x_return

y_return

  Return the x and y offsets.

width_return

height_return

  Return the width and height determined.

You pass in the border width (bwidth), size of the increments fwidth and fheight (typically font width and height), and any additional interior space (xadder and yadder) to make it easy to compute the resulting size. The function returns the position the window should be placed given a position and a default position. determines the placement of a window using a geometry specification as specified by and the additional information about the window. Given a fully qualified default geometry specification and an incomplete geometry specification, returns a bitmask value as defined above in the call, by using the position argument.

The returned width and height will be the width and height specified by default_position as overridden by any user-specified position. They are not affected by fwidth, fheight, xadder, or yadder. The x and y coordinates are computed by using the border width, the screen width and height, padding as specified by xadder and yadder, and the fheight and fwidth times the width and height from the geometry specifications.

Window determining location
XGeometry

### Getting the X Environment Defaults

The function provides a primitive interface to the resource manager facilities discussed in chapter 15. It is only useful in very simple applications.

char *`XGetDefault` Display *display char *program char *option

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

program

  Specifies the program name for the Xlib defaults (usually argv[0] of the main program).

option

  Specifies the option name.

The function returns the value of the resource prog.option, where prog is the program argument with the directory prefix removed and option must be a single component. Note that multilevel resources cannot be used with . The class "Program.Name" is always used for the resource lookup. If the specified option name does not exist for this program, returns NULL. The strings returned by are owned by Xlib and should not be modified or freed by the client.

If a database has been set with , that database is used for the lookup. Otherwise, a database is created and is set in the display (as if by calling ). The database is created in the current locale. To create a database, uses resources from the RESOURCE_MANAGER property on the root window of screen zero. If no such property exists, a resource file in the user's home directory is used. On a POSIX-conformant system, this file is `"$HOME/.Xdefaults"`. After loading these defaults, merges additional defaults specified by the XENVIRONMENT environment variable. If XENVIRONMENT is defined, it contains a full path name for the additional resource file. If XENVIRONMENT is not defined, looks for "`$HOME/.Xdefaults-name`" , where name specifies the name of the machine on which the application is running.

Files $HOME/.Xdefaults
XGetDefault

## X Version 10 Compatibility Functions

You can use the X Version 10 compatibility functions to:

- Draw and fill polygons and curves

- Associate user data with a value

### Drawing and Filling Polygons and Curves

Xlib provides functions that you can use to draw or fill arbitrary polygons or curves. These functions are provided mainly for compatibility with X Version 10 and have no server support. That is, they call other Xlib functions, not the server directly. Thus, if you just have straight lines to draw, using or is much faster.

XDrawLines
XDrawSegments

The functions discussed here provide all the functionality of the X Version 10 functions , , `XDrawPatterned`, `XDrawDashed`, and `XDrawTiled`. They are as compatible as possible given X Version 11's new line-drawing functions. One thing to note, however, is that `VertexDrawLastPoint` is no longer supported. Also, the error status returned is the opposite of what it was under X Version 10 (this is the X Version 11 standard error status). `XAppendVertex` and `XClearVertexFlag` from X Version 10 also are not supported.

X10 compatibility XDraw
X10 compatibility XDrawFilled
X10 compatibility XDrawPatterned
X10 compatibility XDrawDashed
X10 compatibility XDrawTiled

Just how the graphics context you use is set up actually determines whether you get dashes or not, and so on. Lines are properly joined if they connect and include the closing of a closed figure (see ). The functions discussed here fail (return zero) only if they run out of memory or are passed a Vertex list that has a Vertex with VertexStartClosed set that is not followed by a Vertex with VertexEndClosed set.

To achieve the effects of the X Version 10 , `XDrawDashed`, and `XDrawPatterned`, use .

X10 compatibility XDraw
X10 compatibility XDrawDashed
X10 compatibility XDrawPatterned

#include <X11/X10.h>

Status `XDraw` Display *display Drawable d GC gc Vertex *vlist int vcount

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

d

  Specifies the drawable.

gc

  Specifies the GC.

vlist

  Specifies a pointer to the list of vertices that indicate what to draw.

vcount

  Specifies how many vertices are in vlist.

The function draws an arbitrary polygon or curve. The figure drawn is defined by the specified list of vertices (vlist). The points are connected by lines as specified in the flags in the vertex structure.

Each Vertex, as defined in `<X11/X10.h>`, is a structure with the following members:

    typedef struct _Vertex {
    	short x,y;
    	unsigned short flags;
    } Vertex;

The x and y members are the coordinates of the vertex that are relative to either the upper left inside corner of the drawable (if VertexRelative is zero) or the previous vertex (if VertexRelative is one).
X11/X10.h
Files <X11/X10.h>
Headers <X11/X10.h>
Vertex

The flags, as defined in `<X11/X10.h>`, are as follows:

    VertexRelative     0x0001     /* else absolute */
    VertexDontDraw     0x0002     /* else draw */
    VertexCurved       0x0004     /* else straight */
    VertexStartClosed  0x0008     /* else not */
    VertexEndClosed    0x0010     /* else not */

- If VertexRelative is not set, the coordinates are absolute (that is, relative to the drawable's origin). The first vertex must be an absolute vertex.

- If VertexDontDraw is one, no line or curve is drawn from the previous vertex to this one. This is analogous to picking up the pen and moving to another place before drawing another line.

- If VertexCurved is one, a spline algorithm is used to draw a smooth curve from the previous vertex through this one to the next vertex. Otherwise, a straight line is drawn from the previous vertex to this one. It makes sense to set VertexCurved to one only if a previous and next vertex are both defined (either explicitly in the array or through the definition of a closed curve).

- It is permissible for VertexDontDraw bits and VertexCurved bits both to be one. This is useful if you want to define the previous point for the smooth curve but do not want an actual curve drawing to start until this point.

- If VertexStartClosed is one, then this point marks the beginning of a closed curve. This vertex must be followed later in the array by another vertex whose effective coordinates are identical and that has a VertexEndClosed bit of one. The points in between form a cycle to determine predecessor and successor vertices for the spline algorithm.

X11/X10.h
Files <X11/X10.h>
Headers <X11/X10.h>
VertexRelative
VertexDontDraw
VertexCurved
VertexStartClosed
VertexEndClosed

This function uses these GC components: function, plane-mask, line-width, line-style, cap-style, join-style, fill-style, subwindow-mode, clip-x-origin, clip-y-origin, and clip-mask. It also uses these GC mode-dependent components: foreground, background, tile, stipple, tile-stipple-x-origin, tile-stipple-y-origin, dash-offset, and dash-list.

To achieve the effects of the X Version 10 `XDrawTiled` and , use .

X10 compatibility XDrawTiled
X10 compatibility XDrawFilled

#include <X11/X10.h>

Status `XDrawFilled` Display *display Drawable d GC gc Vertex *vlist int vcount

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

d

  Specifies the drawable.

gc

  Specifies the GC.

vlist

  Specifies a pointer to the list of vertices that indicate what to draw.

vcount

  Specifies how many vertices are in vlist.

The function draws arbitrary polygons or curves and then fills them.

This function uses these GC components: function, plane-mask, line-width, line-style, cap-style, join-style, fill-style, subwindow-mode, clip-x-origin, clip-y-origin, and clip-mask. It also uses these GC mode-dependent components: foreground, background, tile, stipple, tile-stipple-x-origin, tile-stipple-y-origin, dash-offset, dash-list, fill-style, and fill-rule.

### Associating User Data with a Value

These functions have been superseded by the context management functions (see section 16.10). It is often necessary to associate arbitrary information with resource IDs. Xlib provides the `XAssocTable` functions that you can use to make such an association. Application programs often need to be able to easily refer to their own data structures when an event arrives. The `XAssocTable` system provides users of the X library with a method for associating their own data structures with X resources (Pixmaps, Fonts, Windows, and so on).

Hash Lookup
Window IDs
Resource IDs

An `XAssocTable` can be used to type X resources. For example, the user may want to have three or four types of windows, each with different properties. This can be accomplished by associating each X window ID with a pointer to a window property data structure defined by the user. A generic type has been defined in the X library for resource IDs. It is called an XID.

There are a few guidelines that should be observed when using an `XAssocTable` :

- All XIDs are relative to the specified display.

- Because of the hashing scheme used by the association mechanism, the following rules for determining the size of a `XAssocTable` should be followed. Associations will be made and looked up more efficiently if the table size (number of buckets in the hashing system) is a power of two and if there are not more than 8 XIDs per bucket.

To return a pointer to a new `XAssocTable`, use .

XCreateAssocTable
XAssocTable *`XCreateAssocTable` int size

size

  Specifies the number of buckets in the hash system of `XAssocTable`.

The size argument specifies the number of buckets in the hash system of `XAssocTable`. For reasons of efficiency the number of buckets should be a power of two. Some size suggestions might be: use 32 buckets per 100 objects, and a reasonable maximum number of objects per buckets is 8. If an error allocating memory for the `XAssocTable` occurs, a NULL pointer is returned.

To create an entry in a given `XAssocTable`, use .

XMakeAssoc
`XMakeAssoc` Display *display XAssocTable *table XID x_id char *data

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

table

  Specifies the assoc table.

x_id

  Specifies the X resource ID.

data

  Specifies the data to be associated with the X resource ID.

The function inserts data into an `XAssocTable` keyed on an XID. Data is inserted into the table only once. Redundant inserts are ignored. The queue in each association bucket is sorted from the lowest XID to the highest XID.

To obtain data from a given `XAssocTable`, use .

char *`XLookUpAssoc` Display *display XAssocTable *table XID x_id

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

table

  Specifies the assoc table.

x_id

  Specifies the X resource ID.

The function retrieves the data stored in an `XAssocTable` by its XID. If an appropriately matching XID can be found in the table, returns the data associated with it. If the x_id cannot be found in the table, it returns NULL.

To delete an entry from a given `XAssocTable`, use .

`XDeleteAssoc` Display *display XAssocTable *table XID x_id

display

  Specifies the connection to the X server.

table

  Specifies the assoc table.

x_id

  Specifies the X resource ID.

The function deletes an association in an `XAssocTable` keyed on its XID. Redundant deletes (and deletes of nonexistent XIDs) are ignored. Deleting associations in no way impairs the performance of an `XAssocTable`.

To free the memory associated with a given `XAssocTable`, use .

`XDestroyAssocTable` XAssocTable *table

table

  Specifies the assoc table.

XLookUpAssoc
XDeleteAssoc
XDestroyAssocTable